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1.Mengrai - the Great. Born about 1239, ruled from 1259 until his death in 1317. Son of Lao Meng of Hiram Ngern Yong and a princess of Chiang Rung (now known as Jinghong). Attacked the Mongols between 1301 and 1312.

2.Chai Songkhram - ruled 1317 - 1318, or perhaps even to 1327

3.Khrua - 1319 - 22

4.Nam Thuam - 1322 - 24

5.Saen Phu - ruled 1318 or 25 - 1328 or 38, first at Chiang Rai, then at Chiang Saen, newly given that name.

6.Kham Fu - sometime between 1328 and 1345

7.Pha Yu - ruled 1337 - 1355 or 57

8.Kue Na - 1355 or 67 to 1385 or 88.

9.Saen Muang Ma - ruled 1385 to 1401 (acceded at 14, contested by his uncle Prince Mahabhrom, who despite Siamese aid was defeated by Princess Nang Muang, on an elephant and dressed as a man, at San Sanuk - Mahabhrom was thereafter sent to rule in Chiang Rai)

10.Sam Fang Kaen - 1401 - 1442

11.Tilokarat - 1442 to 1487

12.Yot Chiangrai - 1487 - 1495

13.Muang Kaeo - 1495 - 1526 (son of Yot Chiangrai)

14.Ket Chettatirat (Ket Cetaram or Muang Kesa) - 1526 to 1538 and 1543 to 1545. Younger brother of Muang Kaeo, deposed, restored then assassinated.

15.Thao Chai or T'ai Sai Kham - deposed Muang Kesa in 1538, executed 1543. The direct male line from Mengrai ends here.

16.Mahatevi Jiraprapa 1545 - 1546

17.Setthathirat (Chai Chetta or Upayao) - ruled Chiang Mai 1546 -47, Luang Prabang until 1571. Son of Potisan, he successfully resisted Burengnong. Civil War, 1547 - 1551

18.Thao Meh Ku, the Chiang Mai Queen of Setthathirat, ruled 1551. Deposed.

19.Mekut (Mekhuti) - ruled 1552 - 1564 King of the Shan State Muong Nai

20.Queen Visuti (Wisuthatevi) - 1564 - 1578 (under Burmese suzerainty)

Other individuals significant in Lanna history (arranged chronologically):

Phra Jao Phrom Maharat - Thailand's largely legendary Alexander the Great figure. Perhaps like King Arthur, a cultural hero from before the advent of the milieu he was made to represent. King at Mae Sai, born 1040 AD, son of King (PraJao) Pangkarat (descended from Prajao SingHonawat).

Anoratha - became king of Pagan around 1044, and made it into an empire.

Kublai Khan - 1215 - 1294, founder of China's Yuan Dynasty. Succeeded by Togan.

Ramkamhang - "Rama the Brave," son of Sri Indraditya, king of Sukhotai under the Khom. With Ramkamhang's conquests, Sukhotai was the "cradle of Siamese civilization." In the same year that Mengrai was hit by lightening, Ramkamhaeng disappeared in the rapids of the river at Savankhalok. Succeeded by Lo Tai, after whom was Lu Tai.

Lu Tai - ruler of Sukhotai 1347 - teacher of Buddhist cosmology.

Ramatipbodi I - founder of Ayuddhaya and first king of Siam (reigned 1351 - 69). Said to be of the "house of Chiang Saen, from which Mengrai" came. Ruled the Mon at Lavo, but was forced south by an epidemic of smallpox or cholera. Brought about the first legal system on record in Thailand.

Fa Ngam - uniter of small Lao states and first ruler of Lan Sang (1353). Brought up at Angkor and married to a Khmer princess.

Boromaraja I - from Suphanburi, King of Ayuddhaya 1370 - 88; sent a failed expedition against Lanna in support of Prince Mahabhrom, around 1385.

Mahabhrom - younger brother of King Kue Na of Lanna, who plotted to take the throne but twice failed. Twice ruler of Chiang Rai. Perhaps political uncertainties led to his hiding the Emerald Buddha (1390).

Ramesuan - son of Ramathipbodi I, reigned in Ayuddhaya 1369 - 70 and 1388 - 1395

Ramaraja - son of Ramesuan. Ruled 1395 - 1408

Intharaja - as heir apparent (Nakhon In, Suphanburi son of Boromaraja I) conducted diplomatic relations with China. King of Ayuddhaya 1408 -24. Used cannon in unsuccessful attacks on Chiang Mai; took many prisoners from Chiang Rai to Ayuddhaya.

Boromaraja II - third son of Intharaja, succeeded as his older brothers killed each other in an elephant dual. Ruled 1424 - 48.

Trailok - King Borommatrailokanat of Ayuddhaya, 1448 - 1463 (ruled from Pitsanulok 1463 - 1488). Issued the Laws of Civil Hierarchy and Military and Provincial Hierarchies (sakdi na), 1455.

Phothisarat (Potisan) - King of Lang Sang 1520 - 47. Son of the peaceful King Visun. Proscribed animistic and Brahmanical observances and began move his capital south to Vientiane to enhance trade and influence into the Korat Plateau. His chief queen was Muang Kao's daughter.

Chairaja = Prajai, King of Ayuddhaya 1534 - 47. Engaged 120 Portuguese mercenaries as his bodyguard.

Chakrapat - King of Ayuddhaya 1548 - 1569. Succeeded briefly by Mahin, who was deposed by Burengnong (1569).

Burengnong (Bayinnaung) - king of (reunited) Burma, 1551 - 1581. Released Naresuan in return for his sister Phra Supanganlaya (or perhaps this is but a royal legend).

Naresuan - King of Ayuddhaya 1590 - 1605. Grandson of Chakrapat. Defeated the Burmese in the Battle of Nong Sarai, 1593

Narai - king of Ayuddhaya 1656 - 1688. Appointed a Greek, Constantine Phaulkon, prime minister.

Borommakote - King of Ayuddhaya 1733 - 1758, Golden age of Ayuddhaya

Hsinbyushin - King of Burma at Ava 1763 - 1776. Subdued Lanna insurrections and in 1767 destroyed Ayuddhaya.

Kawila (Kavilla) - King of Lampang 1775 - 81, eldest son of Prince Chai Kaeo, became ruler of all Lanna as a vassal to Taksin in 1781. Given the title Phra Chao Prathesarat as ruler of Chiang Mai, 1802. Died 1813.

Cha Ban - King, or governor, of Chiang Mai 1774 - 82. With only his sword and 300 men armed with clubs and cudgels, engaged the Burmese, going then to make alliance with Kawila.

Taksin - from governor of Tak he rose to become King of Siam at Thonburi (1768 - 1782) Chaophraya Chakri (Rama I)-Phra Phutthayotfa, King of Siam in Bangkok 1782-1809. As Thong Duang, the military commander under Taksin brought the Emerald Buddha and another royal Buddha image of Lan Sang, the Phrabang, to Thonburi.